Benutzer:Frīheidasliova/Liste indogermanischer Wortgleichungen
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Die folgenden Tabellen listen einige der vielen indogermanischen Wörtern und Wortwurzeln mit Entsprechungen (oder Wortgleichungen) in den wichtigsten Sprachzweigen der indogermanischen Sprachfamilie auf.
Personen
[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]| idg. | heth. | skr. | av. | gr. | lat. | toch. (B) | got. | anord. | ahd. | ae. | ne. | nhd. | air. | kymr. | lit. | akslav. | arm. | alb. | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Person | *dʰǵʰemon- | homō | śaumo | guma ‘man’ | gumi | gomo | guma | (bride)groom | (Bräuti)gam | duine | dyn | žmuõ | |||||||
| Mann | *H₂ner- | nár- | nar- | ἀνήρ (anḗr) | Nerō (Männername) | Njǫrðr (Göttername) | nerth | nêr ‘Held’ | nóras „Wille“[1] | ayr | njeri „Mensch“ | ||||||||
| Mann | *wiH-ro- | vīrá- | vīra- | vir | wir ‘jung’ | waír | verr | wer | wer | fer | gwr | výras | |||||||
| Frau | *gʷén-eH₂- | *kuwanz | jániḥ, jánī | gǝnā, γnā, ǰaini- | γυνή (gynḗ) | śana | qēns ~ qinō | kvæn ~ kona | quena | cwēn ~ cwene | quean ~ queen | Queen | ben | benyw ‘weiblich’ | žmoná | žena | kin |
Verwandtschaftsbezeichnungen
[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]| idg. | heth. | skr. | av. | gr. | lat. | toch. (B) | got. | anord. | ahd. | ae. | ne. | nhd. | air. | kymr. | lit. | akslav. | arm. | alb. | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mutter | *meH₂tér- | mātár- | mātar- | μήτηρ (mḗtēr) | māter | mācer | móðir | muoter | mōdor | mother | Mutter | máthir | modryb ‚Tante‘ | mótina; (motė "Frau") |
mati | mayr | motër ‚Schwester‘, motra | ||
| Vater | *pH₂tér- | pitár- | pitar- | πατήρ (patḗr) | pater | pācer | fadar | faðir | fater | fæder | father | Vater | athir | edryd ‚Abstammung‘ | hayr | ||||
| Bruder | *bhréH₂ter- | bhrā́tar- | brātar | φράτηρ (phráter) | frāter | procer | brōþar | bróðir | bruoder | brōþor | brother | Bruder | bráth(a)ir | brawd | brõlis | bratrŭ | ełbayr | ||
| Schwester | *swésor | svásar- | x ̌aŋhar- | soror | ṣer | swistar | systir | swester | sweostor | sister | Schwester | siur | chwaer | sesuõ | sestra | kʿoyr | vajzë ‚Mädchen‘ | ||
| Tochter | *dhugH₂-tér- | túwatara | duhitár- | dugədar- | θυγάτηρ (thygátēr ) | futír (Oskisch) | tkācer | daúhtar | dóttir | tohter | dohtor | daughter | Tochter | duxtir (Gallisch) | duktė, dukrà | dŭšter- | dowstr | ||
| Sohn | *suH-nú-, *suH-ju | sūnú- | hūnuš | υἱός (hyiós) | soyä | sunus | sunr | sunu | sunu | son | Sohn | suth ‚Nachwuchs‘ | hogyn ‚Knabe‘ | sūnùs | synŭ | ustr | |||
| Neffe/Enkel/Nachfahre | *nepot- | nápāt- | napāt- | νέποδεσ (népodes) | nepōs | nefi | nevo | nefa | nephew | Neffe | nia | nai | nep(u)otis (Altlitauisch) | netijĭ | nip | ||||
| Schwager | *dāiu̯ēr- | devár | lēvar (Pashtu) / ēvar (Persisch) | δαήρ (dāḗr) | lēvir | zeihhur | tācor | mhd. zeicher | díeveris | dĕverĭ | tagr | ||||||||
| Schwieger-tochter | *snusós | snushā- | suna (Persisch) | nyós | nurus | nu | snor | snura | snoru | snŭcha | nu | nuse ‚Braut‘ | |||||||
| Schwieger-mutter | *su̯ekrū́- | śvaśrū- | xvasura | ekurā | socrus | swaίhrō | sværa | swehur | swehor | Schwieger | chwegr | šẽšuras „Schwiegervater“ | svekry | skesur | vjehërr |
Pronomen
[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]| idg. | heth. | skr. | av. | gr. | lat. | toch. (B) | got. | anord. | ahd. | ae. | ne. | nhd. | air. | kymr. | lit. | akslav. | arm. | alb. | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ich | *egH₂ | ūk | ahám | azǝm | egṓ, egṓn | egō | ñuk | ik | ek | ih | ic̣ | I | ich | àš | azŭ | es | unë | ||
| mich | *H₁me- | ammuk | mām | mąm | emé, me | mē(d) | mik | mik | mē(c̣) | me | mich | me-sse, mé | mi "I" | manè | mę | is | më | ||
| mir (Dat.) | *H₁meǵhi | ammuk | máhya(m) | maibya | moi | mihi | mis | mér | mē | me | mir | -m- (Infix) | mán | inj | |||||
| von mir | *H₁meme- | máma | mana | emeĩo | meī | ñi | meins | minn | mīn | my, mine | mein | fyn | mana(s) | mene | im | mua, mue | |||
| mein | * H₁mo-yo | miš | ma/mā | ma | emós | meus | ñi | meina | minn | mīn | my, mine | mein | fyn | màno | moj | im | meje | ||
| du | *tu | zik | t(u)vám | tū | sú (dor. tú) | tū | t(u)we | þu | þú | du | þū | thou | du | tū, tu-ssu | ti | tù | ty | du | ti |
| wir | *wei | wēs | vay-ám | vaēm | hēm- | wes | weis | vít | wē | we | wir | (dial.) vẽdu, vẽdvi „wir beide“; mès „wir“ | vě „wir beide“ | ||||||
| uns | *n̥s-mé, enkl. *nos | anzāš, enkl. naš | asmān, enkl. naḥ | ahma, enkl. nǝ̄, nā̊, nō | nōs | uns | oss | ūs | us | uns | ni | ni, ny | (dial.) nuõdu „wir beide“; nōuson (altpreußisch) | na „wir beide“, nas „uns“ | na, ne „wir“ | ||||
| ihr (2. Person Nom.Pl.) | *yū | yūyám | yūžǝm, yūš | hum- | yes | jūs | ér | gē | ye | sī, sissi | chwi | jũs | vy | ju | |||||
| euch (2. Person Akk./Dat.Pl.) | *us-wé, *us-mé, enkl. *wos | sumes | yuṣmā́n, enkl. vas | yūšmat̃, enkl. vā̊ | hum-, äol. úmme | vōs „ihr“ | izwis | ēow | you | euch | uai-b ("von euch") | vas | u | ||||||
| sich (Refl. Pron.) | *s(w)e- | lyd. s'fa-, car. sfes | sva- | hva- | hé | sē | swes | sik | sih | seolf | self | sich | fein | sava(s) | svoji | inkʿs | vetë | ||
| was (Relativ./Interrog. Pron.) | *kʷid, kʷod | kuit | kím | tí, tì | quid, quod | ƕa | hvat | hwæt | what | was | cid | kàd „daß; damit“ | čь-to | i | si | ||||
| wer (Relativ./Interrog. Pron.) | *kʷis, kʷos, kʷei/kʷoi | kuis | káḥ, kíḥ | kō, čiš | tís, tìs | quis, quī | kuse | ƕas | hvar | (h)wer | hwā | who | wer | cia | pwy | kàs | kъ-to | о | kë |
| Neg-Part. | *n̥- | a-, an- | a-, an- | a-, an- | in- | a(n)-, am-, e(n)-, em-, on- | un- | ú- | un- | un- | un- | in-, ē-, an- | an- | ne- | ne- | an- |
Zahlwörter
[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]| idg. | heth. | skr. | av. | gr. | lat. | toch. (B) | got. | anord. | ahd. | ae. | ne. | nhd. | air. | kymr. | lit. | akslav. | arm. | alb. | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| eins, zusammen | *sem- | samá- "irgendein" | hama- "irgendein, alle" | heĩs, hén, mía | sem-el "einmal", sim-plex "einfach", sin-gulī "einzeln" | ṣe | sama "gleich" | samr | sam- | same | samen | samlith "zur selben Zeit" | hafal "ähnlich" | sam-, są- "mit" | samŭ "eins, alleine" | ez | gjithë ‚alle‘ | ||
| 1 | *ói-nos, ói-wos | ēka- | aēva- | oĩnos | ūnus | ains | einn | ein | ān | one | ein(s) | ōen | un | víenas | inŭ | një | |||
| 2 | *dwóH₁ | dā- | dvā́(u) | dva | dúō | duo | wi | twái | tveir/tvær | zwa, zwo | twā | two | zwei | da | dau | dù | dŭva | erku | dy |
| 3 | *tréyes | tri- | tráyaḥ | ϑrayō, ϑrayas | treĩs | trēs | trai | þreis | þrír | dri | þrīe | three | drei | trí | tri | trỹs | trĭje | erekʿ | tre |
| 4 | *kʷetwóres | masc. catvā́raḥ, neut. catvā́ri, fem. cátasraḥ | masc. čaϑwārō, fem. čataŋrō | téssares | quattuor | śtwer | fidwor | fjórir | fior | fēower | four | vier | ceth(a)ir | pedwar | keturì | četyre | čʿorkʿ | katër | |
| 5 | *pénkʷe | páñca | panča | pénte | quīnque | piś | fimf | fim(m) | fimf | fīf | five | fünf | cóic | pum(p) | penkì | pętĭ | hing | pesë | |
| 6 | *swéḱs | ṣáṣ | xšvaš | héx | sex | ṣkas | sáihs | sex | sehs | siex | six | sechs | sé | chwech | šešì | šestĭ | vecʿ | gjashtë | |
| 7 | *septḿ̥ | sipta- | saptá | hapta | heptá | septem | ṣukt | sibun | sjau | sibun | seofon | seven | sieben | secht | saith | septynì | sedmĭ | ewtʿn | shtatë |
| 8 | *H₁oḱtō(u) | aṣṭā́(u) | ašta | oktṓ | octō | okt | ahtáu | átta | ahto | eahta | eight | acht | ocht | wyth | aštuonì | osmĭ | utʿ | tetë | |
| 9 | *(H₁)néwn̥ | náva | nava | ennéa | novem | ñu | niun | níu | nium | nigon | nine | neun | noí | naw | devynì | devętĭ | inn /inən | nëntë | |
| 10 | *déḱm̥t | dáśa | dasa | déka | decem | śak | taíhun | tíu | zehan | tien | ten | zehn | deich | deg, deng | dẽšimt | desętĭ | tasn | dhjetë | |
| 20 | *wī́ḱm̥̥tiH₁ "two tens" | viṁśatí | vīsaiti | eíkosi | vīgintī | ikäṃ | tuttugu | zweinzug | twēntig | twenty | zwanzig | foiche | ugain | kʿsan | zet | ||||
| 100 | *ḱm̥tóm | śatám | satǝm | he-katón | centum | kante | hunda | hund-rad | hunt | hund-red | hundred | hundert | cét | can(t) | šim̃tas | sŭto |
Körperteile
[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]| idg. | heth. | skr. | av. | gr. | lat. | toch. (B) | got. | anord. | ahd. | ae. | ne. | nhd. | air. | kymr. | lit. | akslav. | arm. | alb. | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Auge | *H₃okʷ- | ákṣi | aši | ósse "beide Augen"; ómma "Auge" | oculus | ek | áugō | auga | ouga | ēage | eye | Auge | enech ‚Gesicht‘ (auch ‚Ehre‘) | enep | akìs | oko | akn | sy | |
| Herz | *ḱerd- | karz | hṛd | zǝrǝd | kardíā | cor | käryāñ | haírtō | hjarta | herza | heorte | heart | Herz | cride | craidd „Mitte“ | širdìs | srŭdĭce | sirt | |
| Nase | *nas- | nā́sā | nāh-, nā̊ŋhan- | nāris | nǫs | nasa | nosu, nasu | nose | Nase | nósis | nosŭ | ||||||||
| Knie | *ǵénu, ǵnéus | genu | jā́nu | zānu | gónu | genū | keni | kniu | kné | knio | cnēo | knee | Knie | cunr | gju | ||||
| Fuß | *pōds, *ped- | pata- | pāt | pad- | poús | pēs | pai | fōtus | fótr | fuoz | fōt | foot | Fuß | mir. ed ‚Gangart‘ | gall. ades | pėdà | pěšǐ "zu Fuß" | otn | poshtë "darunter" |
| Zahn | *H₁dónt-, *H₁dn̥t- | dan | dantan- | odṓn | dēns | tunþus | tǫn | zan(d) | tōþ | tooth | Zahn | dét | dant | dantìs | russ. десна [desná] „Zahnfleisch“ | atamn | |||
| Knochen | *H₂óst- | ḫastāi- | ásthi | ast-, asti- | ostéon | os | B āy, pl. āsta | asil, asna ‚Rippe‘ | asen ‚id‘ | oskr | asht(ë) | ||||||||
| Blut | *ésH₂r̥, *esH₂nés | ēsḫar (esḫanas) | ásr̥k, ásr̥t | éar | aser (archaisch) | yasar | lett. asins | ariun | |||||||||||
| Zunge | *dn̥ǵhuH₂-, *dn̥ǵhwéH₂ | jihvā́ | hizvā | lingua (arch. dingua) | käntwo | tuggō | tunga | zunga | tunge | tongue | Zunge | tengae | tafod | liežùvis | językŭ | lezu | |||
| Wange/Kinn | *ǵénu, ǵnéus | hánu-ṣ | zānu- | génus | gena | śanwem (A) ‚Kinnlade‘ | kinnus | kinn | kinni | c̣inn | chin | Kinn | gi(u)n | gen | žándas ‚Kinnlade‘ | ||||
| Ohr | *H₂ous- | uši | oũs | auris | áusō | eyra | ōra | ēare | ear | Ohr | áu, ó | ausìs | ucho | unkn | vesh | ||||
| Träne | *(d)ákru- | isḫaḫru | áśru | asrū- | dákru | lacrima (arch. dacruma) | akrūna | tagr | tár | zahar | tēar, tæhher | tear | Zähre | dér | deigr | ašarà, àšara | artawsr | ||
| Leber | *yḗkʷr̥, yekʷnés | yákr̥t | yākarǝ | hẽpar | jecur | jẽknos, jekanas | ikra ‚Rogen‘ | leard |
Tiere
[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]| idg. | heth. | skr. | av. | gr. | lat. | toch. (B) | got. | anord. | ahd. | ae. | ne. | nhd. | air. | kymr. | lit. | akslav. | arm. | alb. | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pferd | *ekwos | luw. ásùwa | áśvaḥ | aspa- | híppos | equus | yakwe | aíƕws | jór | eoh | ech | ebol | ašvà | ||||||
| Rind | *gʷōus | lyk. wawa- | gáuḥ | gāuš | boũs | bōs | keu | kýr | kuo | cu | cow | Kuh | bó | buch | lett. gùovs | kov | gak ‚Keiler‘ | ||
| Schaf | *H₂ówi- | lyk. χawa- | ávi- | ó(w)is | ovis | eye | aweþi | ær | ouwi | ēow, ēowu | ewe | Aue | ói | ewig | avìs | ovĭ-ca | |||
| Bär | *H₂rtḱos | ḫartaqqas | ŕ̥kṣaḥ | arša | árktos | ursus | mir. art | arth | arǰ | arí | |||||||||
| Hund | *ḱwon- | kun- | ś(u)vā́ | spā | kúōn | canis | ku | hunds | hundr | hunt | hund | hound | Hund | cu | ci | šuõ | šun | ||
| Maus | *muH₁s- | mū́ṣ- | mũs | mūs | mús | mūs | mouse | Maus | myšĭ | mowk | mi | ||||||||
| Schwein | *suHs- | su-karas | hū | hũs, sũs | sūs | suwo | swein | svin "Schwein", sýr "Sau" | swin | sū | sow | Schwein, Sau | socc | hwch | lett. sivēns, suvẽns „Ferkel“ | thi | |||
| Wolf | *wl̥kʷos | ulippana | vŕ̥kaḥ | vǝhrka- | lúkos | lupus | wulfs | ulfr | wulf | wolf | wolf | Wolf | vil̃kas | vlĭkŭ | ujk | ||||
| Gans | *ǵhans- | haṁsáḥ | zāō | khḗn | (h)ānser | gás | gans | gōs | goose | Gans | géiss | gwydd | žąsìs | gǫsǐ | gatë ‚Reiher‘ | ||||
| Ente | *anǝt | ātí- | nessa, netta | ānas | ǫnd | enita | ened | Ente | ántis | Russ. утка | rosë |
Landwirtschaft
[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]| idg. | heth. | skr. | av. | gr. | lat. | toch. (B) | got. | anord. | ahd. | ae. | ne. | nhd. | air. | kymr. | lit. | akslav. | arm. | alb. | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Korn | *ǵr̥H₂-no- | grānum | kaúrn | korn | corn | corn | Korn | grān | grawn | žìrnis "Erbse" | zrŭno | grurë | |||||||
| Feld | *H₂éǵros | ájraḥ | ἀγρός (agrós) | ager | akrs | akr | æcer | acre | Acker | ||||||||||
| pflügen | *H₂erH₃- | aróō | arō (arāre) "pflügen", arātrum "Pflug" | āre | arjan | erja | erian | mir. airim | arddu | ariù "pflügen", árklas "Pflug" | orjǫ | araur | |||||||
| melken | *H₂melǵ- | mā́ršti, mā́rjati, mr̥játi | marǝzaiti, mǝrǝzaiti | amélgō | mulgeō | malk-wer | miluks | mjolk | meolc | milk | Milch | bligim | blith ‚Milch‘ | mélžu | mŭlzu | mjel | |||
| mahlen | *melH₂- | mallai | mr̥ṇāti, mr̥nati | múllō | molō | melye "trampeln" | malan | mala | melu | meal | Mehl | melim | malu | malù | meljǫ | malem | miell "Mehl" | ||
| Honig | *meli-t, *mel-nés | milit | méli | mel | miliþ | mele | mil | mel | mełr | mjaltë | |||||||||
| Met | *médʰu | mádhu | mađu | méthu "Wein" | mīt | midus | mjǫðr | medu | mead | Met | mid | medd | medùs "Honig" | medъ "Honig" | |||||
| Salz | *sal- | sal-ilá- "salzig" | ἅλς (háls) | sāl | sālyiye | salt | salt | sealt | salt | Salz | salann | halen | lett. sā̀ls | solǐ | ał | gjollë ‚Salzleckstein‘ | |||
| säen | *seH₁- "säen", *séH₁mn̥ "Samen" | isḫūwāi "säen" | serō | saian | sá | sāmo "Samen" | sāwan | sow | säen | síl "Samen" | hil "Samen" | sė́ju | sějǫ | ||||||
| Joch | *yugóm | yugan | yugám | yaoj-, yuj- "anschirren" | ζεῦγος (zeûgos) | iugum | yokäm "Tür" (A) | juk | ok | ġeoc | yoke | Joch | nir. ughaim ‚ich aufzäume‘ | iau | jùngas | igo | luc |