„Tasteninstrument“ – Versionsunterschied
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K Änderungen von 46.140.62.174 (Diskussion) auf die letzte Version von Tara2 zurückgesetzt Markierung: Zurücksetzung |
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[[Datei:Flügelmechanik MIM.jpg|miniatur|Beispiel einer [[Flügel (Tasteninstrument)|Flügelklaviatur mit Mechanik]]]] |
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[[Datei:Bandoneonphoto3.jpg|miniatur|[[Bandoneon]]]] |
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Ein '''Tasteninstrument''' ist ein [[Musikinstrument]], bei welchem der Ton durch Niederdrücken einer oder mehrerer [[Taste]]n auf einer [[Klaviatur]] indirekt erzeugt wird. Durch die Bewegung der Taste wird ein Mechanismus in Gang gesetzt, die Mechanik, welche dann die eigentliche Klangerzeugung bewirkt. Der Instrumentalist hat die Finger also nicht direkt am klangerzeugenden Element anliegen. |
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Die [[Tonerzeugung]] kann bei akustischen Tasteninstrumenten sehr verschieden sein. Man unterscheidet zwischen Anschlagen ([[Klavier]], [[Celesta]], [[Hackbrett]]), Zupfen ([[Cembalo]]) oder Blasen ([[Orgel]], [[Akkordeon]]). Tasteninstrumente nehmen in den Gruppen [[Schlaginstrument]]e, [[Zupfinstrument]]e und [[Blasinstrument]]e eine Sonderstellung ein. Elektronische Tasteninstrumente können als [[Masterkeyboard]] externe oder integrierte [[Synthesizer]], [[Sampler (Klangerzeuger)|Sampler]] oder [[Computer]] via [[MIDI]] oder [[USB]]-[[Schnittstelle]] ansteuern. |
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Bei den akustischen Instrumenten der westlich-abendländischen Musik sind weiße und schwarze Tasten auf einer [[Klaviatur]] üblich. Andere Anordnungen findet man beim [[Knopfakkordeon]] oder [[Bandoneon]], wo statt Tasten Knöpfe bedient werden. |
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Bei den meisten Tasteninstrumenten sind durch die Tastatur die spielbaren Töne in ihrer [[Tonhöhe]] festgelegt; ein nahtloses Hinübergleiten von einem Ton zum anderen ist nicht möglich. Ausnahmen sind elektronische Tasteninstrumente. |
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Allen Tasteninstrumenten ist gemeinsam, dass sich die Tondauer vom Drücken bis zum Loslassen der Taste exakt steuern lässt (allerdings stellt bei Klavier und Cembalo das Ausklingen der Saite eine natürliche Grenze für die Tondauer dar). Abhängig von der Bauart des spezifischen Tasteninstruments sind weitere [[musikalische Parameter]] durch das Spiel beeinflussbar: |
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* Beim [[Klavier]] lässt sich die Lautstärke mittels [[Anschlagsdynamik]] sowie eingeschränkt die Klangfarbe durch die [[Klavier#Pedale|Pedale]] beeinflussen. |
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* Bei [[Orgel]] und [[Cembalo]] sind Lautstärke und Klangfarbe indirekt, nämlich durch die Registrierung, beeinflussbar. |
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* Beim [[Harmonium]] sowie bei [[Handzuginstrument]]en wie dem [[Akkordeon]] steht der Spieldruck unter unmittelbarer Kontrolle des Spielers und ist eines der wesentlichen Ausdrucksmittel. |
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Auf den meisten Tasteninstrumenten können mehrere Töne zugleich gespielt werden, sie sind also [[Harmonieinstrument]]e. |
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Im 17. Jahrhundert stand die Instrumentenbezeichnung ''Clavier'' für ein beliebiges Tasteninstrument. |
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== Beispiele == |
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In folgenden Klassen von Instrumenten kommen Tasteninstrumente vor: |
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* ''[[Chordophon]]e'': („Saitenklinger“): z. B. [[Klavier]], [[Hammerklavier]], [[Cembalo]], [[Spinett]], [[Virginal]], [[Clavichord]], [[Streichklavier]] |
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* ''[[Aerophon]]e'': („Luftklinger“): z. B. [[Orgel]], [[Harmonium]], [[Akkordeon]], [[Melodica]], [[Portativ]] |
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* ''[[Idiophon]]e'': („Selbstklinger“): z. B. [[Celesta]], [[Elektromechanisches Musikinstrument]] |
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* ''[[Elektrophon]]e'': z. B. [[Digitalpiano]], [[Synthesizer]], [[Keyboard]], [[Hammond-Orgel]], [[Mellotron]] |
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* Hybridinstrumente (Kombinationen): z. B. [[Claviorganum]] |
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<gallery> |
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Datei:Grand piano and upright piano.jpg|Klaviere: Flügel und Pianino |
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Datei:Bach Cembalo.jpg|Zweimanualiges Cembalo |
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Datei:Muzeum Instrumentow Muzycznych Szpinet.JPG|Spinett |
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Datei:MIM Clavichord CN344.jpg|Clavichord |
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Datei:Orgel Takarazuka.jpg|Kirchenorgel |
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Datei:Norsk Orgel-Harmoniumfabrikk harmonium (clip) - Holm camping, Bindal, Norway, 2014-07-24 (photo by Henning Klokkeråsen).jpg|Harmonium |
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Datei:Wersi.jpg|Elektronische Heimorgel |
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Datei:Clavinova.JPG|Digitalpiano |
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Datei:Yamaha Tyros.jpg|Keyboard |
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Datei:Masterkeyboard.jpg|[[Masterkeyboard]] |
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Datei:Celesta.jpg|Celesta |
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Datei:Black Piano Acccordion.jpg|Akkordeon |
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Datei:Portativ.jpg|Portativ |
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Datei:Geigenwerk Truchado.JPG|Streichklavier |
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</gallery> |
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== Weblinks == |
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{{Wiktionary}} |
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{{Commonscat|Keyboard instruments|Tasteninstrumente}} |
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* [http://mudcu.be/labs/Piano/ Virtuelles Instrument] mit verschiedenen [[Tonart]]en, Beispielstücken und Klängen, basierend auf [[HTML5]] und [[Java (Programmiersprache)|Java]] |
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{{Navigationsleiste Klassifikation von Musikinstrumenten nach Benutzung durch den Spieler}} |
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{{Normdaten|TYP=s|GND=4059103-7}} |
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[[Kategorie:Tasteninstrument| ]] |
[[Kategorie:Tasteninstrument| ]] |
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Version vom 13. Januar 2020, 19:52 Uhr
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